【長難句】
The problem with conventional science instruction, according to cognitive scientist Susan Carey, is that it assumes that its goal is to fill a gap in a student’s knowledge---when really the issue”is not what the student lacks, but what the student has, namely alternative conceptual frameworks for understanding the phenomena covered by the theories we are trying to teach.”
【句子拆分】
主語 The problem
謂語 is
賓語 it assumes that its goal is to fill a gap in a student’s knowledge
【單詞解析】
單詞 音標(biāo) 中文詞意
conventional [k?n?ven??n(?)l] adj. 傳統(tǒng)的;常見的
【語法分析】
這句話是一個主系表結(jié)構(gòu),主語"The problem","with conventional science instruction"是主語的定語,雙逗號中的"according to cognitive scientist Susan Carey"是插入語結(jié)構(gòu),系詞"is",表語為表語從句,主謂賓句型,表語從句主語"it",謂語"assumes",賓語也是個從句"its goal is to fill a gap in a student’s knowledge",它的結(jié)構(gòu)是主系表,主語"its goal",系詞"is",表語"to fill a gap","in a student’s knowledge"算是地點狀語;"when"你可以看成你是引導(dǎo)一個狀語從句,這個狀語從句是主系表句型,主語"the issue","really"你可以放在"is"和"not"中間---"is really not",前置就當(dāng)是為了突出語氣,系詞"is not",表語是一個由"what"引導(dǎo)的表語從句,從句中的主語"the student",謂語"lack","what"即在前面作連接詞也在從句中作賓語的位置;其實,中間的"not"應(yīng)該和后面的"but"連在一起看,組成"not...but",即“不是前面那一個而是后面那一個”,"but"后面是同樣的道理,"what"既作連接詞又在后面的表語從句中作賓語,從句主語是"the student",謂語"has";"namely alternative..."后面算是給前面說過的“學(xué)生有的東西”進(jìn)行具體的說明,算是同位語結(jié)構(gòu),"for understanding the phenomena"引導(dǎo)定語修飾"alternative conceptual frameworks","for"表達(dá)一種目的的感覺;"covered by the theories"是過去分詞做后置定語修飾"the phenomena";"we are trying to teach"是定語從句修飾"the theories",被修飾詞在后面的定語從句中作賓語,即"we are trying to teach the theories",故省略了連接詞,此定語從句的主語"we",謂語是正在進(jìn)行時"are trying",可將不定式"to teach the theories"作賓語。
【譯文】
據(jù)認(rèn)知學(xué)家蘇珊·凱里所言,傳統(tǒng)科學(xué)教育問題在于,假定其任務(wù)是填補(bǔ)學(xué)生知識上的空缺,而實際需要面對的問題“不是學(xué)生所缺的,而是他們已經(jīng)有的,即由我們試圖傳授給他們的理論所論及的以理解現(xiàn)象的另類概念框架”。
【考情分析】
這句話的結(jié)構(gòu)雖然也有點難度,但主要問題應(yīng)該還是集中在"namely alternative conceptual frameworks for understanding the phenomena covered by the theories we are trying to teach"這一部分上,其實意思就是“為了學(xué)會老師教給我們的知識點,尤其是在沒有真正理解的情況下,我們有的時候只能通過一些謬誤來去解釋我們學(xué)到的理論所呈現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象,這種我們認(rèn)為幫助我們理解知識的謬誤就叫做---另類框架概念”,注意這里面的"alternative"是“另類”的意思。
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